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      <a href="/2016/10/07/angular2-notes-3-create-header/" title="Angular2使用笔记3--创建头部组件" itemprop="url">Angular2使用笔记3--创建头部组件</a>
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    <time datetime="2016-10-07T03:17:48.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2016-10-07</time>
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建头部菜单"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建头部菜单</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部组件相关文件"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部组件相关文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加组件模板"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加组件模板</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#定义Header组件"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">定义Header组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的使用和依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的使用和依赖注入</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">依赖注入</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ng2中的依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ng2中的依赖注入</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过指令注入组件"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过指令注入组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考-1"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>最近在学习Angular2作为前端的框架，《Angular2使用笔记》系列用于记录过程中的一些使用和解决方法。<br>本文记录创建头部组件的过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="创建头部菜单"><a href="#创建头部菜单" class="headerlink" title="创建头部菜单"></a>创建头部菜单</h2><hr>
<p>该头部菜单与前几个框架的使用笔记中完全一致。如图：<br><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/C902.tmp.png" alt="image"></p>
<h3 id="添加头部组件相关文件"><a href="#添加头部组件相关文件" class="headerlink" title="添加头部组件相关文件"></a>添加头部组件相关文件</h3><ul>
<li>添加header文件夹，用于管理Header组件的相关文件<br>Header组件文件如下：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight cmd"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">header/</div><div class="line"> ├──index.ts                   * 导出该目录下组件</div><div class="line"> ├──header.component.ts        * 定义并导出Header组件</div><div class="line"> ├──header.style.css           * Header组件的css样式</div><div class="line"> └──header.template.html       * Header组件的html模板</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="添加组件模板"><a href="#添加组件模板" class="headerlink" title="添加组件模板"></a>添加组件模板</h3><p>header.template.html文件，如下<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;nav class="navbar navbar-default header"&gt;</div><div class="line">    &lt;div class="container-fluid"&gt;</div><div class="line">        &lt;div class="navbar-header"&gt;</div><div class="line">            &lt;a class="navbar-brand" href="#"&gt;Godbasin&lt;/a&gt;</div><div class="line">        &lt;/div&gt;</div><div class="line">        &lt;div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"&gt;</div><div class="line">            &lt;ul class="nav navbar-nav"&gt;</div><div class="line">                &lt;!--menus为主菜单--&gt;</div><div class="line">                &lt;li *ngFor="let menu of menus" routerLinkActive="active"&gt;&lt;a routerLink="&#123;&#123; menu.href &#125;&#125;"&gt;&#123;&#123; menu.text &#125;&#125;&lt;span [hidden]="!menu.current" class="sr-only"&gt;(current)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</div><div class="line">            &lt;/ul&gt;</div><div class="line">            &lt;ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"&gt;</div><div class="line">                &lt;li&gt;&lt;a&gt;&#123;&#123; clock &#125;&#125;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</div><div class="line">                &lt;li class="dropdown"&gt;</div><div class="line">                    &lt;a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"&gt;菜单 &lt;span class="caret"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</div><div class="line">                    &lt;ul class="dropdown-menu"&gt;</div><div class="line">                        &lt;!--usermenus为右侧下拉菜单--&gt;</div><div class="line">                        &lt;li *ngFor="let usermenu of usermenus"&gt;&lt;a href="&#123;&#123; usermenu.href &#125;&#125;"&gt;&#123;&#123; usermenu.text &#125;&#125;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</div><div class="line">                    &lt;/ul&gt;</div><div class="line">                &lt;/li&gt;</div><div class="line">            &lt;/ul&gt;</div><div class="line">        &lt;/div&gt;</div><div class="line">    &lt;/div&gt;</div><div class="line">&lt;/nav&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>这里我们用到了ng2的路由器携带的属性绑定</p>
<ul>
<li>RouterLink绑定<ul>
<li>A标签中，有一个绑定RouterLink指令的属性绑定</li>
<li>可以通过提供查询字符串参数为RouterLink提供更多情境信息</li>
<li>可提供一个URL片段（Fragment或hash）来跳转到本页面中的其它区域</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>RouterLinkActive绑定<ul>
<li>每个A标签还有一个到RouterLinkActive指令的属性绑定</li>
<li>等号（=）右侧的模板表达式包含用空格分隔的一些CSS类，还可以把RouterLinkActive指令绑定到一个CSS类组成的数组</li>
<li>用于在相关的RouterLink被激活时为所在元素添加或移除CSS类。 该指令可以直接添加到该元素上，也可以添加到其父元素上</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="定义Header组件"><a href="#定义Header组件" class="headerlink" title="定义Header组件"></a>定义Header组件</h3><ul>
<li>添加组件样式header.style.css，这里就不展示出来了</li>
<li>在header.component.ts文件中，如下</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div><div class="line">51</div><div class="line">52</div><div class="line">53</div><div class="line">54</div><div class="line">55</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; Component &#125; from <span class="string">'@angular/core'</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@Component(&#123;</div><div class="line">  selector: <span class="string">'my-header'</span>,</div><div class="line">  styles: [<span class="string">`</span></div><div class="line">  `],</div><div class="line">  templateUrl: <span class="string">'./header.template.html'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> Header &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// clock用于保存时间</span></div><div class="line">  clock: <span class="built_in">string</span> = <span class="string">''</span>;</div><div class="line">  clockTime;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// menus用于储存主菜单</span></div><div class="line">  menus = [&#123;</div><div class="line">    title: <span class="string">'index'</span>, <span class="comment">// title用于储存路由对应的路径</span></div><div class="line">    href: <span class="string">'/index'</span>, <span class="comment">// href用于设定该菜单跳转路由</span></div><div class="line">    text: <span class="string">'首页'</span>, <span class="comment">// text用于储存该菜单显示名称</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;, &#123;</div><div class="line">      title: <span class="string">'others'</span>,</div><div class="line">      href: <span class="string">'/other'</span>,</div><div class="line">      text: <span class="string">'其他'</span>,</div><div class="line">    &#125;];</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// usermenus用于储存侧边下拉菜单</span></div><div class="line">  usermenus = [&#123;</div><div class="line">    href: <span class="string">'/login'</span>, <span class="comment">// href用于设定该菜单跳转路由</span></div><div class="line">    text: <span class="string">'退出'</span>, <span class="comment">// text用于储存该菜单显示名称</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 用于格式化时间（少于10在前面增加0）</span></div><div class="line">  numberStandard(num) &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> _val = <span class="built_in">Number</span>(num), _num;</div><div class="line">    _num = (_val &lt; <span class="number">10</span>) ? (<span class="string">'0'</span> + _val) : (<span class="string">''</span> + _val);</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> _num;</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 用于渲染时钟</span></div><div class="line">  renderClock() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> _date = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>(), clock = <span class="string">''</span>;</div><div class="line">    clock += _date.getFullYear() + <span class="string">'年'</span> + (_date.getMonth() + <span class="number">1</span>) + <span class="string">'月'</span> + _date.getDate() + <span class="string">'日'</span>;</div><div class="line">    clock += <span class="string">' '</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.numberStandard(_date.getHours()) +</div><div class="line">      <span class="string">':'</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.numberStandard(_date.getMinutes()) +</div><div class="line">      <span class="string">':'</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.numberStandard(_date.getSeconds());</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.clock = clock;</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">  ngOnInit() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用bind解决setInterval的执行环境问题</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.clockTime = setInterval(<span class="keyword">this</span>.renderClock.bind(<span class="keyword">this</span>), <span class="number">500</span>);</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">  ngOnDestroy() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 控件摧毁时移除定时事件</span></div><div class="line">    clearInterval(<span class="keyword">this</span>.clockTime);</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>这里使用到的生命周期的钩子<ul>
<li>ngOnInit：当每个输入属性的值都被触发了一次ngOnChanges之后才会调用ngOnInit，此时所有输入属性都已经有了正确的初始绑定值</li>
<li>ngOnDestroy：当Angular每次销毁指令/组件之前调用</li>
<li>其他生命周期的钩子请参照<a href="https://angular.cn/docs/ts/latest/guide/lifecycle-hooks.html" target="_blank" rel="external">组件生命周期</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>此时，我们已经完成了一个组件的创建了，接下来我们要把这个组件注入到其他模板。</p>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://angular.cn/docs/ts/latest/guide/router.html#!#navigate" target="_blank" rel="external">路由与导航</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="组件的使用和依赖注入"><a href="#组件的使用和依赖注入" class="headerlink" title="组件的使用和依赖注入"></a>组件的使用和依赖注入</h2><hr>
<p>在angular1中，我们已经了解到依赖注入这个词，而ng2和ng1中的依赖注入也有区别。</p>
<h3 id="依赖注入"><a href="#依赖注入" class="headerlink" title="依赖注入"></a>依赖注入</h3><ul>
<li>什么是依赖注入<ul>
<li>“依赖注入”是提供类的新实例的一种方式，还负责处理好类所需的全部依赖</li>
<li>大多数依赖都是服务</li>
<li>Angular也使用依赖注入提供我们需要的组件以及这些组件所需的服务</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>有关依赖注入<ul>
<li>依赖注入渗透在整个Angular框架中，并且被到处使用</li>
<li>注入器（Injector）是本机制的核心<ul>
<li>注入器负责维护一个容器，用于存放它创建过的服务实例</li>
<li>注入器能使用提供商创建一个新的服务实例</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>提供商是一个用于创建服务的“配方”</li>
<li>把提供商注册到注入器</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="ng2中的依赖注入"><a href="#ng2中的依赖注入" class="headerlink" title="ng2中的依赖注入"></a>ng2中的依赖注入</h3><ul>
<li>当Angular创建组件时，会首先为组件所需的服务找一个注入器（Injector）</li>
<li>注入器是一个维护服务实例的容器，存放着以前创建的实例</li>
<li>如果容器中还没有所请求的服务实例，注入器就会创建一个服务实例，并且添加到容器中，然后把这个服务返回给Angular</li>
<li>当所有的服务都被解析完并返回时，Angular会以这些服务为参数去调用组件的构造函数</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="通过指令注入组件"><a href="#通过指令注入组件" class="headerlink" title="通过指令注入组件"></a>通过指令注入组件</h3><p>上一节虽然我们也创建了一个登陆页面的组件，Login组件直接在路由中使用。这里我们将尝试在主页面app.component.ts中使用Header组件。<br><figure class="highlight jsx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 这里只展示相关的代码</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 添加Header组件，默认从header文件夹的index.ts中获取</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; Header &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./header'</span>;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义主页面组件</span></div><div class="line">@Component(&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">selector</span>: <span class="string">'app'</span>,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">encapsulation</span>: ViewEncapsulation.None,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">styleUrls</span>: [</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">'./app.style.css'</span></div><div class="line">  ],</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">template</span>: <span class="string">`</span></div><div class="line">    &lt;!--插入头部组件，注入指令后生效--&gt;</div><div class="line">    &lt;my-header&gt;&lt;/my-header&gt;</div><div class="line">     &lt;main&gt;</div><div class="line">      &lt;router-outlet&gt;&lt;/router-outlet&gt;</div><div class="line">    &lt;/main&gt;</div><div class="line">  `,</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">// 注入指令</span></div><div class="line">  directives: [Header]</div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>此时算是完成了一个组件的创建以及使用，如图：<br><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/15D3.tmp.png" alt="image"></p>
<h3 id="参考-1"><a href="#参考-1" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://angular.cn/docs/ts/latest/cookbook/dependency-injection.html" target="_blank" rel="external">依赖注入–烹饪宝典</a></li>
<li><a href="https://angular.cn/docs/ts/latest/guide/dependency-injection.html" target="_blank" rel="external">依赖注入–基础知识</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>不得不说，使用angular2-webpack-starter快速搭建项目之后，对ng2的很多使用方法也比较了解了。<br>毕竟ng2虽然有很详细的官方教程，但是要看完也是很需要耐心和恒心的呢，哈哈哈哈:)<br><a href="https://github.com/godbasin/godbasin.github.io/tree/blog-codes/angular2-notes/3-create-header" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看项目代码（仅包含src部分）</a><br><a href="http://angular2-notes.godbasin.com/3-create-header/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看页面效果</a></p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#创建头部菜单"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建头部菜单</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部组件相关文件"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部组件相关文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加组件模板"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加组件模板</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#定义Header组件"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">定义Header组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的使用和依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的使用和依赖注入</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">依赖注入</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ng2中的依赖注入"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">ng2中的依赖注入</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过指令注入组件"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过指令注入组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考-1"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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